Getting started with the EDB PostgreSQL Database Kubernetes Operator and Portworx Storage

Background

In my Getting Started with Kubernetes database Operators series I have previously covered the Oracle database Operator, MySQL database Operator and YugabyteDB Operator, now it’s time for PostgreSQL.

PostgreSQL Database Operators

There are a number of PostgreSQL database Kubernetes Operators available including, Crunchy PostgreSQL for Kubernetes, Zlando PostgreSQL Operator, Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL on Kubenetes to name just a few, however for this blog post I will be taking the popular EnterpriseDB (EDB) PostgreSQL Operator out for a spin.

If you want to try look at using other database Operators visit OperatorHub.io which provides a registry of Kubernetes Operators.

Kubernetes Environment

Below is my Kubernetes environment.

% kubectl get nodes  
NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
master-1   Ready    control-plane,master   36d   v1.21.3
node-1-1   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3
node-1-2   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3
node-1-3   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3
node-1-4   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3
node-1-5   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3
node-1-6   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3
node-1-7   Ready    <none>                 36d   v1.21.3

Install Cloud Native PostgreSQL

To begin, let’s install latest Cloud Native PostgreSQL Operator.

% kubectl apply -f https://get.enterprisedb.io/cnp/postgresql-operator-1.11.0.yaml
namespace/postgresql-operator-system created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/backups.postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusters.postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/poolers.postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/scheduledbackups.postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io created
serviceaccount/postgresql-operator-manager created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/postgresql-operator-manager created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/postgresql-operator-manager-rolebinding created
configmap/postgresql-operator-default-monitoring created
service/postgresql-operator-webhook-service created
deployment.apps/postgresql-operator-controller-manager created
mutatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/postgresql-operator-mutating-webhook-configuration created
validatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/postgresql-operator-validating-webhook-configuration created

And confirm the Operator installation

% kubectl get deploy -n postgresql-operator-system postgresql-operator-controller-manager
NAME                                     READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
postgresql-operator-controller-manager   1/1     1            1           110s

Create Portworx Storage Class

For example, create a file named px-postgresql-sc.yaml

kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: px-postgresql-sc
provisioner: kubernetes.io/portworx-volume
parameters:
  repl: "2"
  io_profile: "db_remote"
allowVolumeExpansion: true

And create using kubectl apply, for example.

% kubectl apply -f px-postgresql-sc.yaml
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/px-postgresql-sc created

% kubectl describe sc/px-postgresql-sc                    
Name:            px-postgresql-sc
IsDefaultClass:  No
Annotations:     kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"allowVolumeExpansion":true,"apiVersion":"storage.k8s.io/v1","kind":"StorageClass","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"px-postgresql-sc"},"parameters":{"io_profile":"db_remote","repl":"2"},"provisioner":"kubernetes.io/portworx-volume"}

Provisioner:           kubernetes.io/portworx-volume
Parameters:            io_profile=db_remote,repl=2
AllowVolumeExpansion:  True
MountOptions:          <none>
ReclaimPolicy:         Delete
VolumeBindingMode:     Immediate
Events:                <none>

Deploy PostgreSQL Cluster

Create a file named px-postgresql-cluster.yaml

# Example of PX PostgreSQL cluster
apiVersion: postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io/v1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  name: px-cluster
spec:
  instances: 3

  # Example of rolling update strategy:
  # - unsupervised: automated update of the primary once all
  #                 replicas have been upgraded (default)
  # - supervised: requires manual supervision to perform
  #               the switchover of the primary
  primaryUpdateStrategy: unsupervised
  description: "Portworx PostgreSQL Cluster"

  storage:
    StorageClass: "px-postgresql-sc"
    size: 1Gi

Use kubectl to create a 3-node PostgreSQL cluster.

% kubectl apply -f px-postgresql-cluster.yaml 
cluster.postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io/px-cluster created

Check PostgreSQL pod status

% kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
px-cluster-1   1/1     Running   0          3m9s   10.244.3.6   node-1-6   <none>           <none>
px-cluster-2   1/1     Running   0          88s    10.244.4.6   node-1-4   <none>           <none>
px-cluster-3   1/1     Running   0          20s    10.244.7.7   node-1-7   <none>           <none>

And the Portworx Persistent Volumes Claims

% kubectl get pvc                      
NAME           STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS       AGE
px-cluster-1   Bound    pvc-326cdba8-6a0e-417d-8106-054a92ea16d8   1Gi        RWO            px-postgresql-sc   5m54s
px-cluster-2   Bound    pvc-0667c140-479c-4fe3-bd0c-ba8c7dbcd890   1Gi        RWO            px-postgresql-sc   5m23s
px-cluster-3   Bound    pvc-968d7735-1c97-4c3a-82cf-a3e6bc49e083   1Gi        RWO            px-postgresql-sc   3m44s

Check PostgreSQL cluster status

% kubectl get cluster px-cluster
NAME         AGE     INSTANCES   READY   STATUS                     PRIMARY
px-cluster   4m49s   3           3       Cluster in healthy state   px-cluster-1

Additional details can be obtained with kubectl get cluster -o json, for example.

% kubectl get cluster px-cluster -o json
{
    "apiVersion": "postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io/v1",
    "kind": "Cluster",
    "metadata": {
        "annotations": {
            "kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": "{\"apiVersion\":\"postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io/v1\",\"kind\":\"Cluster\",\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{},\"name\":\"px-cluster\",\"namespace\":\"default\"},\"spec\":{\"description\":\"Portworx PostgreSQL Cluster\",\"instances\":3,\"primaryUpdateStrategy\":\"unsupervised\",\"storage\":{\"size\":\"1Gi\",\"storageClass\":\"px-postgresql-sc\"}}}\n"
        },
        "creationTimestamp": "2021-12-17T10:28:17Z",
        "generation": 1,
        "managedFields": [
            {
                "apiVersion": "postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io/v1",
                "fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
                "fieldsV1": {
                    "f:metadata": {
                        "f:annotations": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": {}
                        }
                    },
                    "f:spec": {
                        ".": {},
                        "f:description": {},
                        "f:enableSuperuserAccess": {},
                        "f:imagePullPolicy": {},
                        "f:instances": {},
                        "f:logLevel": {},
                        "f:maxSyncReplicas": {},
                        "f:minSyncReplicas": {},
                        "f:postgresGID": {},
                        "f:postgresUID": {},
                        "f:primaryUpdateStrategy": {},
                        "f:startDelay": {},
                        "f:stopDelay": {},
                        "f:storage": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:resizeInUseVolumes": {},
                            "f:size": {},
                            "f:storageClass": {}
                        },
                        "f:switchoverDelay": {}
                    }
                },
                "manager": "kubectl-client-side-apply",
                "operation": "Update",
                "time": "2021-12-17T10:28:17Z"
            },
            {
                "apiVersion": "postgresql.k8s.enterprisedb.io/v1",
                "fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
                "fieldsV1": {
                    "f:status": {
                        ".": {},
                        "f:certificates": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:clientCASecret": {},
                            "f:expirations": {
                                ".": {},
                                "f:px-cluster-ca": {},
                                "f:px-cluster-replication": {},
                                "f:px-cluster-server": {}
                            },
                            "f:replicationTLSSecret": {},
                            "f:serverAltDNSNames": {},
                            "f:serverCASecret": {},
                            "f:serverTLSSecret": {}
                        },
                        "f:cloudNativePostgresqlCommitHash": {},
                        "f:cloudNativePostgresqlOperatorHash": {},
                        "f:configMapResourceVersion": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:metrics": {
                                ".": {},
                                "f:postgresql-operator-default-monitoring": {}
                            }
                        },
                        "f:currentPrimary": {},
                        "f:currentPrimaryTimestamp": {},
                        "f:healthyPVC": {},
                        "f:instances": {},
                        "f:instancesStatus": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:healthy": {}
                        },
                        "f:latestGeneratedNode": {},
                        "f:licenseStatus": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:isImplicit": {},
                            "f:isTrial": {},
                            "f:licenseExpiration": {},
                            "f:licenseStatus": {},
                            "f:repositoryAccess": {},
                            "f:valid": {}
                        },
                        "f:phase": {},
                        "f:poolerIntegrations": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:pgBouncerIntegration": {}
                        },
                        "f:pvcCount": {},
                        "f:readService": {},
                        "f:readyInstances": {},
                        "f:secretsResourceVersion": {
                            ".": {},
                            "f:applicationSecretVersion": {},
                            "f:clientCaSecretVersion": {},
                            "f:replicationSecretVersion": {},
                            "f:serverCaSecretVersion": {},
                            "f:serverSecretVersion": {},
                            "f:superuserSecretVersion": {}
                        },
                        "f:targetPrimary": {},
                        "f:targetPrimaryTimestamp": {},
                        "f:writeService": {}
                    }
                },
                "manager": "manager",
                "operation": "Update",
                "time": "2021-12-17T10:31:43Z"
            }
        ],
        "name": "px-cluster",
        "namespace": "default",
        "resourceVersion": "14811923",
        "uid": "f04f16f1-2bed-42cd-b219-b00a8b43274b"
    },
    "spec": {
        "affinity": {
            "podAntiAffinityType": "preferred",
            "topologyKey": ""
        },
        "bootstrap": {
            "initdb": {
                "database": "app",
                "encoding": "UTF8",
                "localeCType": "C",
                "localeCollate": "C",
                "owner": "app"
            }
        },
        "description": "Portworx PostgreSQL Cluster",
        "enableSuperuserAccess": true,
        "imageName": "quay.io/enterprisedb/postgresql:14.1",
        "imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent",
        "instances": 3,
        "logLevel": "info",
        "maxSyncReplicas": 0,
        "minSyncReplicas": 0,
        "monitoring": {
            "customQueriesConfigMap": [
                {
                    "key": "queries",
                    "name": "postgresql-operator-default-monitoring"
                }
            ],
            "disableDefaultQueries": false,
            "enablePodMonitor": false
        },
        "postgresGID": 26,
        "postgresUID": 26,
        "postgresql": {
            "parameters": {
                "dynamic_shared_memory_type": "posix",
                "log_destination": "csvlog",
                "log_directory": "/controller/log",
                "log_filename": "postgres",
                "log_rotation_age": "0",
                "log_rotation_size": "0",
                "log_truncate_on_rotation": "false",
                "logging_collector": "on",
                "max_parallel_workers": "32",
                "max_replication_slots": "32",
                "max_worker_processes": "32",
                "shared_memory_type": "mmap",
                "shared_preload_libraries": "",
                "wal_keep_size": "512MB"
            }
        },
        "primaryUpdateStrategy": "unsupervised",
        "resources": {},
        "startDelay": 30,
        "stopDelay": 30,
        "storage": {
            "resizeInUseVolumes": true,
            "size": "1Gi",
            "storageClass": "px-postgresql-sc"
        },
        "switchoverDelay": 40000000
    },
    "status": {
        "certificates": {
            "clientCASecret": "px-cluster-ca",
            "expirations": {
                "px-cluster-ca": "2022-03-17 10:23:17 +0000 UTC",
                "px-cluster-replication": "2022-03-17 10:23:17 +0000 UTC",
                "px-cluster-server": "2022-03-17 10:23:17 +0000 UTC"
            },
            "replicationTLSSecret": "px-cluster-replication",
            "serverAltDNSNames": [
                "px-cluster-rw",
                "px-cluster-rw.default",
                "px-cluster-rw.default.svc",
                "px-cluster-r",
                "px-cluster-r.default",
                "px-cluster-r.default.svc",
                "px-cluster-ro",
                "px-cluster-ro.default",
                "px-cluster-ro.default.svc"
            ],
            "serverCASecret": "px-cluster-ca",
            "serverTLSSecret": "px-cluster-server"
        },
        "cloudNativePostgresqlCommitHash": "4d2cb9a",
        "cloudNativePostgresqlOperatorHash": "fa8752594a2302529cac373070311dc7e9fdf8df48def123c3d72fb6e6c94c81",
        "configMapResourceVersion": {
            "metrics": {
                "postgresql-operator-default-monitoring": "14809211"
            }
        },
        "currentPrimary": "px-cluster-1",
        "currentPrimaryTimestamp": "2021-12-17T10:28:47Z",
        "healthyPVC": [
            "px-cluster-1",
            "px-cluster-2",
            "px-cluster-3"
        ],
        "instances": 3,
        "instancesStatus": {
            "healthy": [
                "px-cluster-1",
                "px-cluster-2",
                "px-cluster-3"
            ]
        },
        "latestGeneratedNode": 3,
        "licenseStatus": {
            "isImplicit": true,
            "isTrial": true,
            "licenseExpiration": "2022-01-16T10:28:17Z",
            "licenseStatus": "Implicit trial license",
            "repositoryAccess": false,
            "valid": true
        },
        "phase": "Cluster in healthy state",
        "poolerIntegrations": {
            "pgBouncerIntegration": {}
        },
        "pvcCount": 3,
        "readService": "px-cluster-r",
        "readyInstances": 3,
        "secretsResourceVersion": {
            "applicationSecretVersion": "14809174",
            "clientCaSecretVersion": "14809170",
            "replicationSecretVersion": "14809172",
            "serverCaSecretVersion": "14809170",
            "serverSecretVersion": "14809171",
            "superuserSecretVersion": "14809173"
        },
        "targetPrimary": "px-cluster-1",
        "targetPrimaryTimestamp": "2021-12-17T10:28:18Z",
        "writeService": "px-cluster-rw"
    }
}

Use kubectl get cluster -o jsonpath to return specific items, for example.

Get cluster name

% kubectl get cluster px-cluster -o "jsonpath={.*.name}"       
px-cluster                                                                    

Get cluster description

% kubectl get cluster px-cluster -o "jsonpath={.spec.description}"
Portworx PostgreSQL Cluster                                                  

Get cluster current primary

% kubectl get cluster px-cluster -o "jsonpath={.status.currentPrimary}"
px-cluster-1

Get cluster status

% kubectl get cluster px-cluster -o "jsonpath={.status.phase}"
Cluster in healthy state                                                    

Cloud Native PostgreSQL plug-in

EnterpriseDB provides a plugin for kubectl to manage a PostgreSQL cluster in Kubernetes, we can install this with:

$ curl -sSfL \
  https://github.com/EnterpriseDB/kubectl-cnp/raw/main/install.sh | \
  sudo sh -s -- -b /usr/local/bin

This cnp extension provides some additional features to kubectl.

% kubectl cnp                  
A plugin to manage your Cloud Native PostgreSQL clusters

Usage:
  kubectl-cnp [command]

Available Commands:
  certificate Create a client certificate to connect to PostgreSQL using TLS and Certificate authentication
  completion  generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
  help        Help about any command
  promote     Promote the pod named [cluster]-[node] or [node] to primary
  reload      Reload the cluster
  restart     Restart the cluster
  status      Get the status of a PostgreSQL cluster
  version     Prints version, commit sha and date of the build

Flags:
      --as string                      Username to impersonate for the operation
      --as-group stringArray           Group to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.
      --cache-dir string               Default cache directory (default "/Users/rekins/.kube/cache")
      --certificate-authority string   Path to a cert file for the certificate authority
      --client-certificate string      Path to a client certificate file for TLS
      --client-key string              Path to a client key file for TLS
      --cluster string                 The name of the kubeconfig cluster to use
      --context string                 The name of the kubeconfig context to use
  -h, --help                           help for kubectl-cnp
      --insecure-skip-tls-verify       If true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure
      --kubeconfig string              Path to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.
  -n, --namespace string               If present, the namespace scope for this CLI request
      --request-timeout string         The length of time to wait before giving up on a single server request. Non-zero values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). A value of zero means don't timeout requests. (default "0")
  -s, --server string                  The address and port of the Kubernetes API server
      --tls-server-name string         Server name to use for server certificate validation. If it is not provided, the hostname used to contact the server is used
      --token string                   Bearer token for authentication to the API server
      --user string                    The name of the kubeconfig user to use

Use "kubectl-cnp [command] --help" for more information about a command.

Cloud Native PostgreSQL Status

CNP shows we are running 2 replicas, if the primary fails for any reason the cluster will failover to one of them.

% kubectl cnp status px-cluster
Cluster in healthy state   
Name:              px-cluster
Namespace:         default
PostgreSQL Image:  quay.io/enterprisedb/postgresql:14.1
Primary instance:  px-cluster-1
Instances:         3
Ready instances:   3

Instances status
Pod name      Current LSN  Received LSN  Replay LSN  System ID            Primary  Replicating  Replay paused  Pending restart  Status
--------      -----------  ------------  ----------  ---------            -------  -----------  -------------  ---------------  ------
px-cluster-1  0/7000060                              7042616446968066064  ✓        ✗            ✗              ✗                OK
px-cluster-2               0/7000060     0/7000060   7042616446968066064  ✗        ✓            ✗              ✗                OK
px-cluster-3               0/7000060     0/7000060   7042616446968066064  ✗        ✓            ✗              ✗                OK

Summary

In this post I have shared how we can deploy a PostgreSQL database on Kubernetes using the EDB PostgreSQL Operator and provide additional resilience using Portworx persistent storage. In future posts I will look at failover, backup and restores.

[twitter-follow screen_name=’RonEkins’ show_count=’yes’]

2 thoughts on “Getting started with the EDB PostgreSQL Database Kubernetes Operator and Portworx Storage

Add yours

Leave a Reply

Create a website or blog at WordPress.com

Up ↑

%d bloggers like this: